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Advantech WebAccess/SCADA Unauthenticated Remote Heap Buffer Overflow

Critical

Synopsis

The flaw exists in BwPAlarm.dll due to improper validation of user-supplied data when processing an IOCTL 70022 RPC message. The attacker can control the size of a heap buffer to be allocated as well as the data to be copied to the buffer. Note that Advantech was already aware of this issue when we reported it; however, we discovered it independently.

Proof of Concept

Below is the disassembly of the IOCTL 70022 handler. Comments have been added for clarity.

.text:0700399E ioctl_70022:        ; CODE XREF: _BwRPCPAlarmService+75↑j
.text:0700399E                     ; DATA XREF: .text:jpt_7003855↓o
.text:0700399E      mov     ebx, [ebp+arg_pInbuf] ; jumptable 07003855 case 10022
.text:070039A1      xor     edi, edi
.text:070039A3      mov     [ebp+arg_pOutbuf], edi
.text:070039A6      mov     eax, [ebx]
.text:070039A8      mov     edx, [ebx+4]
.text:070039AB      mov     [ebp+dw0], eax
.text:070039AE      mov     eax, [ebx+8] ; attacker-controlled
.text:070039B1      push    eax    ; heap buf size controlled by attacker
.text:070039B2      push    3Dh ; '='
.text:070039B4      mov     [ebp+dw4], edx
.text:070039B7      call    _calloc
.text:070039BC      add     ebx, 0Ch
.text:070039BF      push    3Bh ; ';' ; Val
.text:070039C1      push    ebx    ; Str
.text:070039C2      mov     [ebp+arg_InbufLen_pHeapBuf], eax
...
.text:07003A3C      push    16h
.text:07003A3E      lea     eax, [edi-16h]
.text:07003A41      push    edx
.text:07003A42      push    eax    ; copy to heap buf
.text:07003A43      mov     [edi-18h], cx
.text:07003A47      call    strlcpy(char *,char const *,uint)
.text:07003A4C      lea     ecx, [ebp+var_168]
.text:07003A52      push    25h ; '%'
.text:07003A54      push    ecx
.text:07003A55      push    edi    ; copy to heap buf
.text:07003A56      call    strlcpy(char *,char const *,uint)
.text:07003A5B      mov     eax, [ebp+arg_OutbufLen]
.text:07003A5E      lea     ebx, [esi+1]
.text:07003A61      inc     eax
.text:07003A62      push    3Bh ; ';' ; look for next string token separated by ';'
.text:07003A64      push    ebx
.text:07003A65      mov     [ebp+arg_OutbufLen], eax
.text:07003A68      add     edi, 3Dh ; '='
.text:07003A6B      call    _strchr
.text:07003A70      mov     esi, eax
.text:07003A72      add     esp, 2Ch
.text:07003A75      test    esi, esi
.text:07003A77      jnz     process_next_str_token_in_input_buffer
...

The following shows the crash of webvrpcs.exe and the access violation is exploitable:

0:010> g
(1428.678): Access violation - code c0000005 (first chance)
First chance exceptions are reported before any exception handling.
This exception may be expected and handled.
*** WARNING: Unable to verify checksum for C:\WebAccess\Node\BwPAlarm.dll
eax=00000001 ebx=02e4e495 ecx=00000015 edx=034af6ff esi=02400000 edi=034af64d
eip=070027db esp=034aead0 ebp=034af734 iopl=0         nv up ei ng nz na pe nc
cs=0023  ss=002b  ds=002b  es=002b  fs=0053  gs=002b             efl=00010286
BwPAlarm+0x27db:
070027db 8816            mov     byte ptr [esi],dl          ds:002b:02400000=10
0:009> kb
ChildEBP RetAddr  Args to Child              
034aead4 07003a4c 023fffff 034af64c 00000016 BwPAlarm+0x27db
*** WARNING: Unable to verify checksum for C:\WebAccess\Node\webvrpcs.exe
*** ERROR: Module load completed but symbols could not be loaded for C:\WebAccess\Node\webvrpcs.exe
034af734 004049de 00002726 023f0bc0 02e40050 BwPAlarm+0x3a4c
WARNING: Stack unwind information not available. Following frames may be wrong.
034af9d0 00402cc1 002828e0 006de0d0 00011186 webvrpcs+0x49de
034afa1c 00401370 002828e0 006de0d0 00011186 webvrpcs+0x2cc1
*** ERROR: Symbol file could not be found.  Defaulted to export symbols for C:\Windows\syswow64\RPCRT4.dll - 
034afb60 7db85feb 002829a4 1e092dea 002872d0 webvrpcs+0x1370
034afb98 7db8648b 00401260 002829a4 034afc3c RPCRT4!NdrOutInit+0x11d
034afbf0 7db86365 00000001 00000000 00000000 RPCRT4!RpcBindingInqObject+0x2aa
034afc14 7dbc7e25 002829a4 00000000 00000000 RPCRT4!RpcBindingInqObject+0x184
034afca0 7dbc8174 00000b74 002828e0 0028295c RPCRT4!I_RpcFilterDCOMActivation+0x3891
034afcb4 7dbc83b9 00000000 002734a0 00272ab0 RPCRT4!I_RpcTransServerNewConnection+0x118
034afce0 7dbc8b6a 002734a0 02000b8c 00000000 RPCRT4!I_RpcTransServerNewConnection+0x35d
034afd40 7dbd74e7 00000000 002734a0 00000b8c RPCRT4!I_RpcTransServerNewConnection+0xb0e
034afd54 7dbebfff 00280210 0000000c 00000000 RPCRT4!RpcMgmtSetAuthorizationFn+0x6528
034afd78 7dbec1f8 00280210 0000000c 00000000 RPCRT4!I_RpcInitHttpImports+0x78e
*** ERROR: Symbol file could not be found.  Defaulted to export symbols for C:\Windows\syswow64\KERNELBASE.dll - 
034afdb0 7d888369 00000b8c 00000000 00272c30 RPCRT4!I_RpcInitHttpImports+0x987
034afdd4 7dee4cd6 034afe74 002632e0 00272c30 KERNELBASE!CreateThreadpoolWait+0x62
034afe30 7debfb4b 034afe74 00251018 00272c30 ntdll!WinSqmStartSession+0x399
034aff88 7dd7343d 00266a60 034affd4 7dea9812 ntdll!TpSetTimer+0x3bf
034aff94 7dea9812 00266a60 e91c4c39 00000000 kernel32!BaseThreadInitThunk+0x12
034affd4 7dea97e5 7dec04ac 00266a60 ffffffff ntdll!RtlInitializeExceptionChain+0x63
034affec 00000000 7dec04ac 00266a60 00000000 ntdll!RtlInitializeExceptionChain+0x36
0:009> .load msec.dll
0:009> !exploitable

!exploitable 1.6.0.0
Exploitability Classification: EXPLOITABLE
Recommended Bug Title: Exploitable - User Mode Write AV starting at BwPAlarm+0x00000000000027db (Hash=0x46a88e71.0x5200d855)

User mode write access violations that are not near NULL are exploitable.

Solution

Upgrade to version 8.4.4.

Disclosure Timeline

02/13/2020 - Vulnerability discovered
02/18/2020 - Vulnerability reported to Advantech. 90-day date is May 18, 2020.
02/18/2020 - Advantech is looking into it.
02/18/2020 - Advantech asks us to resend PoC. Was filtered by email protection.
02/19/2020 - Tenable resends as tar.gz.
02/19/2020 - Advantech is looking into it.
02/21/2020 - Advantech was already aware of the issue. A fix is expected to be in version 8.4.4 and downloadable by 27 February 2020.
02/21/2020 - Tenable acknowledges. Asks if the CVE will be assigned by another CNA, and what the CVE will be. We will still post our own advisory.
02/26/2020 - Tenable sees v9.0 is released. Asks Advantech if this version contains a fix for the vulnerability.
02/26/2020 - Advantech states 9.0 fixes the vulnerability, and 8.4.4 will as well.

All information within TRA advisories is provided “as is”, without warranty of any kind, including the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, and with no guarantee of completeness, accuracy, or timeliness. Individuals and organizations are responsible for assessing the impact of any actual or potential security vulnerability.

Tenable takes product security very seriously. If you believe you have found a vulnerability in one of our products, we ask that you please work with us to quickly resolve it in order to protect customers. Tenable believes in responding quickly to such reports, maintaining communication with researchers, and providing a solution in short order.

For more details on submitting vulnerability information, please see our Vulnerability Reporting Guidelines page.

If you have questions or corrections about this advisory, please email [email protected]

Risk Information

Tenable Advisory ID: TRA-2020-13
CVSSv2 Base / Temporal Score:
10.0 / 7.8
CVSSv2 Vector:
(AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C)
Affected Products:
Advantech WebAccess/SCADA 8.4.3
Risk Factor:
Critical

Advisory Timeline

02/26/2020 - Advisory released
03/11/2020 - Updated solution

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